• Effects on muscular work:
- reduced work productivity
- reduced work tolerance
- reduced voluntary work
• Reduced physical fitness, weakness and fatigue
• Reduced resistance to infection (lowered immunity)
• Itchy skin
• Pale nailbeds, eye membranes, palm creases, concave nails
• Pica (clay eating, ice eating)
• Lactose intolerance and possibly intolerance to other sugars
• Impaired wound healing
• Increased risk of lead and cadmium poisoning
• Impaired cognitive function (children): reduced learning ability, impaired visual discrimination, increased distractibility (inability to pay attention)
• Impaired reactivity and coordination (infants)
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